As the air temperature cools and you start putting your garden to bed for the winter use this October planting guide to get a few seeds in your garden for spring harvest.
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As you read this post, please keep in mind that this October Planting Guide is intended for those of us living in USDA Zones 5-10. Also, you should know that anything you are planting in October as part of your fall vegetable garden in cold winter climates will be planted for SPRING harvest. You won’t be seeing any harvests until early spring or later.
Find Your Garden Zone
Let me start out by giving you a quick link. This post is meant for those of you living mainly in Garden Zones 5 to 10. If you don’t know what your garden zone is follow this link to find out!
October Planting Guide Zones 5-6
So what should you be planting in October in your backyard garden? I have listed below 6 cool-season vegetables that you can plant in October.
1. Garlic
The first crop in our October planting guide is garlic! Fall is the perfect time to plant your garlic. Garlic planted in the fall will grow stronger, healthier, and larger bulbs next summer.
When you plant in the fall you get a huge head start in the spring. In fact in my opinion, if you didn’t get your garlic planted in the fall then don’t bother until next season!
Garlic is best planted a week or 2 after your first expected fall frost (notice I said expected, not actual). For us, that means we are planting around October 15th. But if you have missed that date already, all is not lost.
You can plant garlic right up until the day before your ground freezes. In fact one year I planted as late as November 5 (5 weeks after our first frost date) and still had a great crop the following summer.
To learn more about planting garlic in the fall please check out this growing guide!
2. Shallots
Like garlic, shallots are often best planted in the fall. They are not quite as cold-hardy as garlic but most of the zones can plant shallots at the same time as garlic.
Which means a great crop of shallots in the late spring of next year. I also recommend for both shallots and garlic that you cover the beds with a nice layer of mulch to help insulate the ground from the worst of winter’s cold.
You can learn more about growing shallots by reading this growing guide.
3. Mache
Corn Salad or Mache is a little-known salad green that grows very well in cool and even cold weather. Mache is one of only 2 crops I know of (claytonia being the second) that will continue to grow when we have less than 10 hours of daylight in our gardens.
In fact, Mache loves growing this time of year and germinates better in temperatures around 65 degrees in the daytime. So October is the perfect time to plant.
Newly planted Mache is hardy enough that it can survive being unprotected in the garden over the winter. However, it will do much better and grow much quicker with the protection of a cold frame or hoop house.
Mache planted in October should germinate before the super cold weather comes and then will slowly grow in your hoop house and will be ready to start eating in February!!
Order Mache Seeds here.
4. Kale
Kale planted in October will be ready to start harvesting leaves in early spring. It will likely germinate sometime this month and then will sit quietly over the winter in your hoop house. Once the 10-hour days return in February, it will start growing again for a very early harvest!
5. Spinach
Next on the October planting guide is spinach. If you choose to plant spinach in October you are for sure planning for the future. October planted spinach will likely germinate late in the month and possibly get one or two “true leaves” before the cold sets in.
If protected by a hoop house or cold frame you will find that spinach grows slowly while we have less than 10 hours of daylight. Once the sunshine returns in February, these tiny plants will take off. Giving you your earliest (and longest) spinach harvest ever!
6. Lettuce
Number 6 on the October Planting guide is lettuce. Lettuce is not nearly as hardy as the other crops listed above. However small, newly germinated lettuce plants are actually quite hardy. Planted now the seeds will germinate and grow just a little.
Protect them with a cold frame and when things start to warm up in early spring these plants will burst into production with a very early crop!
Flower Spring Bulbs
This one may seem a little strange, but spring-blooming bulbs like tulips, daffodils, crocus, and others make a colorful addition to your spring vegetable garden. Although not eatable, they will provide flowers to attract early emerging pollinators to your garden. (and hopefully, encourage them to stick around!!) So plant a few of these perennials in your garden while you are filling your flower beds.
Other greens
There are several other greens that, like leaf lettuce, are not the hardiest plants, but their smaller versions will survive the winter with the protection of a cold frame. You will be planting these for overwintering in the cold frame and for spring harvest. Some of these greens include:
Zones 7-8 October Planting List
Remember that most of the fall crops on this list are being planted for a SPRING harvest. Planting in the fall means that you will get a yummy spring harvest next year!
You will need to use a hoop house, cold frame or some Heavy Fabric Row Cover to help protect your crops during the coldest months of the winter.
Let’s get started! Here’s what to plant in October in zones 7 & 8!
Garlic
October is the perfect time for planting garlic. Planting garlic in the fall gives you a head start in the spring and will give you stronger, healthier, and larger bulbs.
You should plant garlic a week or two after your expected first frost date (notice this is the expected date not the actual date!) Use this frost date calculator to determine when your first frost is expected. You can learn more about growing garlic here: Garlic Growing Guide
Shallots
Shallots are also best when you plant them in the fall. I recommend that you cover both your garlic and shallots with a layer of mulch to insulate the ground against the worst of the cold. You can learn more about growing shallots in the fall in this article: Growing Shallots
Leafy Greens
You can also try planting leafy greens. These will mostly be planted for overwintering, so you won’t be harvesting them before winter. You need to plan on protecting them over the winter with a cold frame, hoop house, or at least fabric row cover!
Mache
Mache is a perfect salad green for planting in October! Mache actually germinates best when the temperature is around 65 degrees in the daytime which makes it a great October crop! Mache will grow unprotected, but it will grow faster if you protect it with a hoop house.
Claytonia
Like Mache, Claytonia actually continues to grow even when there are less than 10 hours of daily sunlight in the garden! It’s a great winter crop!
Kale
Y’all know I love kale. It’s one of my favorite crops, especially in the winter! Kale planted in October will really take off in a few months (around February) giving you a yummy early spring harvest!
Spinach
You can also plant spinach this month. Planting spinach in October means you are definitely thinking ahead! If it’s protected by a hoop house or cold frame it will grow slowly through the coldest months and then start to grow quickly once the days get longer in the early spring!
Swiss Chard
Swiss Chard is another hardy crop that you can start in October for a yummy early spring harvest!
Other Greens
These greens should be protected by a cold frame, hoop house, or fabric row cover because they aren’t quite as hardy as some of the others, but starting them now gives you a good head start for next year!
Zones 9-10 October Planting list
There are actually quite a few fall crops that you can get started in zones 9 & 10! Because the winters are milder there is much more to plant in these zones in October.
Plant by Transplants
Broccoli
We love broccoli! I’m jealous of those of you in zones 9 & 10 because you can still plant broccoli this month!
Peas
I love planting peas in the fall! They do require a little bit more work and they won’t be as productive as a spring planting, but it is well worth the effort! If you want to learn more about planting peas in the fall read this article: Planting Fall Peas
Other Crops to Plant by Transplant
- Kohlrabi
- Cabbage
- Cauliflower
- Brussel sprouts
Plant by Seed
Lettuce
Lettuce is a great crop for planting in October. Lettuce is fairly hardy, so it can handle any cooler temperatures later in the year! I recommend planting lettuce 8 weeks before your first frost.
You can continue planting up until 2 weeks before your first frost date! If you aren’t sure what your first frost date is use this frost date calculator to determine when your first frost is expected
Spinach
Spinach is pretty hardy so it can handle cooler temperatures. We love that we can harvest spinach in our garden all winter long! Similar to lettuce, you should start planting spinach 8 weeks before your first frost date and you can continue up until 2 weeks before your first frost date!
Beets
Beets are another great crop you should be planting in October! Earlier plantings of beets will yield beetroots, while you will only be able to harvest the yummy tops if you plant later. If you want beetroots plan on planting 8 weeks before your first frost date!
Kale
Frost and cooler temperatures sweeten the taste of kale which is why October is a great time to direct sow it in your garden!
Carrots
The cooler weather turns the starches in carrots into sugars which makes them an amazing treat for the winter! Learn more about growing carrots in the winter here: Growing Carrots for a Winter Harvest
Turnips
Turnips are actually quite tasty! Look for Oriental varieties, they are especially yummy! You’ll want to start planting 8 weeks before your first frost date if you want to harvest roots.
Other Crops to Plant by Seed
Garlic & Shallots
Last, but definitely not least you can plant garlic and shallots this month. You will want to wait to plant until late in the month.
I always recommend planting garlic and shallots in the fall because you will get stronger, healthier, and larger bulbs. If you want to learn more you can read these articles: Growing Shallots, Planting Fall Garlic
What will you be planting in your garden this month? Is there anything that I missed?
I hope this October planting guide gets you thinking as you are cleaning up your garden this month. Look for empty spots in your garden that could become your fall garden. Check to see if you have any cool season vegetable seed packets laying around and find some places to plant some of these overwintering crops.
Now is also the perfect time to consider building a simple cold frame or hoop house to protect crops over the winter and to give your spring crops a head start!
Questions? Please leave them in the comments below.
Would you like to learn more about Year-Round Gardening? Then please consider buying a copy of my online Year-Round Gardening video course!
Protecting Your Tomatoes from Early Frost
This is a great list, although I cannot use it much, living in zone 8/9. However, having lived in N. MO for many years, I know when to plant the cool crops. Thanks for reminding and inspiring. 🙂
What about planting potatoes in the fall?
I have found that in the cold climates it is is better to plant your potatoes in the spring. Around our area it would be impossible to find seed this time of year.
We have potatoes that over winter and spread in the spring, it started 10 years ago when we didn’t get all the potatoes harvested. I also had the same thing happen with onions this year that we didn’t know we missed harvesting last year,they were big and delicious this year just like our spuds,. We do plant new seed spuds each year too though.
We do have an occasionally volunteer potato come up in our garden, but we get pretty cold here in the winter so I have found I get a better crop if I wait until the spring. We would also have a hard time finding seed this time of year in our area!
Here in hot, dry AZ in Zone 8/9 I’ve found I can overwinter potatoes if I put milk jug solar heaters (jugs filled with water) in my hoop houses. The main thing I have to watch out for is to not overwater the raised bed their planted in. As with cooler weather zones the spuds will rot if they are too wet. I usually put my main crop of potatoes in during the first week of March–depends on how cold it’s getting at night.
Our early plantings of potatoes go in around mid March. But they have to go in a cold frame so that I have a way of protecting them from frost which we have until mid May, sometimes early June.
Tulip petals are edible!
Won’t happen at all up north here. Too cold already
You’d be surprised! These plants are hardier than you would think! Just give them a little protection from a cold frame and they will be great!!
What sort of garlic do you find to be the best? I am looking for a good hardneck variety to harvest those delicious garlic scapes! I have heard they don’t store as long as the soft neck varieties, but I have no experience with that myself.
Andrew, the hardneck variety we grow is called German Hardy. It tastes great and grew a great crop of scapes as well. I would check with your local extension agency for varieties that do well in your area.
And yes you heard correctly, hard neck garlic doesn’t store as long. We grow both types so we have soft neck to last longer.
I am so excited, I didn’t know I could plant Garlic in the fall. I put two cloves into one of my raised beds and am looking forward to seeing them come up in the spring. Thank you for sharing these!
Purple Queen from Native Seeds is a great hardneck variety. The flavor is outstanding. I’m in Zone 8/9 so I don’t plant it until late November. As a side benefit it enhances the flavor of the Di Ciccio and Calabrese broccoli I have growing by then and repels aphids and cabbage worms.
I’ve planted as late as November before too, but that late in the year I risk the ground being frozen so I usually get it done in Mid October.
I planted my garlic a couple of weeks ago, and my kale, lettuce, radish and beets are going. I am guessing the radish will be done by the end of October.
The fall/winter gardening is forgotten about. A lot of people don’t realize you can still grow some crops in cooler climates and shorter days.
How do you keep your fall/winter crop watered?
Good Question. If you live in Zones 7 or below you really shouldn’t need to water from about mid November till Mid March. Your crops are just in “cold storage” at that time and there should be enough moisture in the soil that you don’t need to water. If I feel like they need a little water I might take a watering can out and water them that way, but I very seldom feel like they need water in the winter.
Here in Zone 8/9 (AZ) I’ve planted beans as late as October, sheltered them under hoop houses and watched as they very slowly grew. In early March, when others here are just thinking about planting beans, they start producing and I have an excellent, long harvest before it gets too hot. This doesn’t work every year but it usually does. The main things to watch out for are to keep the hoop house well ventilated so no mildew gets a grip, and I have to use old milk jugs full of water to absorb the suns heat and release it at night.
One of the fun projects I could never dream of doing here in cold Utah!!
To save my life I can’t see or understand your zone chart.I live in Palm Beach co. florida. What zone am I? Also do all of these plants have to be planted in a greenhouse?
Larry, The map is actually the official USDA map. If you go to this post: What is My Garden Zone. there is a link about halfway down the page that will take you directly to their site and you can put in your zip code and it will give your exact zone. You are going to be Zone 9 or 10 so a greenhouse is probably overkill for you.
Thank you! I’ll plant garlic and flower bulbs this week.